Roman Culture And Western Civilization - 2038 Words

As the Romans held on to Greek culture so eagerly it quickly became the foundation of Roman culture. Roman forms of architecture evolved mostly from reshaping Greek models, but clearly stands apart from its ancestors. The Romans were quick to adopt new techniques in construction; new use of materials, and new architectural structures. The Romans made innovations to fully fulfill the practical needs for the society as a whole. Among these architectural changes basilicas, temples, amphitheaters, bridges and aqueducts, and residential blocks can be found engrained in Roman culture as it positively impacted the lives of Romans. These inventions were paid for, organized, and spread around by a state which fully supported the Roman Empire. The Romans influence in monumental architecture as well as many other aspects of Western life remains clearly visible today as it did back then. Western civilization presently compromises Western Europe and North America and are believed to have derived from the influence of cultures found in the Roman Empire. In this research essay, I will discuss and contrast Roman culture to Western Civilization as well as emphasizing on the influences provided by the Roman Empire that are still prominent today. First, What is architecture and why is it crucial to the rise of the Roman Empire?Architecture is the art or practice of designing and building structures (Webster). Without its architecture, Rome wouldn’t have been such a huge influence acrossShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Roman Influence On Western Culture And Civilization1811 Words   |  8 Pagesin history we take for granted because we lack the understanding of their significance. Roman influences have a dominating presence on western culture and civilization. To subtract these influences from our ethos would leave a cavernous hole in our western identities. However, Rome had to fight for it’s power and position; often against impressive rivals. One of the most notewor thy battles fought by the Romans are the Punic wars, a series of three battles that span roughly between 264 B.C.E and 146Read MoreAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pages The impact greek and roman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. These two civilizations also produced some of the ancient world’sRead MoreThe Influences On Western Civilization1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences on Western Civilization by the Hebrew-Christian and Greco-Roman Traditions Western Civilization, as it is known today, is a coalescence of various cultures, ideologies, and practices that have been preserved over centuries of human life. Although a countless number of societies have influenced Western Civilization, Hebrew-Christian civilizations and Greco-Roman civilizations have been the two most influential. Both of these civilizations and their traditions have left equally deepRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1503 Words   |  7 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In scrutinizing the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1498 Words   |  6 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In examining the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreCivilization is Connected from the Mesopotamians to the Powerful Roman Empire836 Words   |  4 Pagesthat have left an enduring influence. Society has developed many components which became foundational to Western culture from the Mesopotamian civilizations to the emergence of the Romans. The contributions of a variety of cultures shaped the course of Western history. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians are among the first civilizations to make a valuable contribution to Western Civilization. Both Babylonians and Egyptians managed to produce written systems of communicating ideas. The BabyloniansRead MoreEarly Western Civilization: Molded by Conflict or Consensus842 Words   |  3 Pages The question has been posed whether early Western Civilization was molded by conflict between civilizations or by consensus between divergent civilizations. Although it can be argued that both conflict and consensus have affected the development of Western Civilization, one of these has had more of an influence than the other. As early as Ca 3000, at the dawn of civilization, there has been conflict. When the city-states of Sumer were established, warfare and competition broke out due to disagreementsRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe889 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantly onRead MoreWhat Did the Greek and Roman Culture Leave for Europe883 Words   |  4 PagesWhat did the Greek and Roman culture leave for Europe The ancient Greek and Roman civilization is not only the cradle of Europe culture , but also the Western culture. The two major ancient civilization is the worlds two eternal monument of cultural history, is the golden age of the West with great relish. Hard-working people of ancient Greece and Rome created countless masterpieces with their wisdom. Ancient Greek culture is the source of Roman culture, Roman culture developed constantly onRead MoreColosseum, Arch of Titus, Basilica of Constantine, Palace of Docletian1354 Words   |  5 Pages The Western civilization as we know it traces back to Europe, as well as the Mediterranean. More specifically, it is comprised of mainly Western Europe and North America. The Western culture as a whole exemplifies the social norms, political systems, heritage, and customs. Much of those influences have arisen by no other than the contributions done by Rome. Rome has not only shaped a significant amount of the Western civilization in various ways such as the architecture, forming of a republic, diffusion

Themes Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1119 Words

7. Themes Revenge In Frankenstein, revenge has an emotional resonance way stronger than Victor s half-hearted protests that he really does love Elizabeth. The monster may think he has no connection to the world, but revenge gives him a constant link to Victor. It may be distorted, but it s still a way of forming human bonds. Knowledge The pursuit of knowledge is at the heart of Frankenstein, as Victor attempts to surge beyond accepted human limits and access the secret of life. Likewise, Robert Walton attempts to surpass previous human explorations by endeavoring to reach the North Pole. This ruthless pursuit of knowledge proves dangerous, as Victor’s act of creation eventually results in the destruction of everyone dear to him, and†¦show more content†¦The novel ends with Victor and the monster hunting each other on the Arctic ice, which symbolizes the primal struggle between them as well as the loneliness each feels in their existence. 9. Imagery â€Å"It was on a dreary night of November that I beheld the accomplishment of my toils. With an anxiety that almost amounted to agony, collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet. It was already one in the morning; the rain pattered dismally against the panes, and my candle was nearly burnt out, when, by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light, I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature open; it breathed hard, and a convulsive motion agitated its limbs [...] that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips† (Shelley 48). In Frankenstein, Shelley sets up the setting in November which tends to be a month of chilly weather. The creature created by Victor Frankenstein is explained in very specific manner which lets the reader picture the creature’s features. The imagery use for the creature’s features show how it greatly influences the feelings of his creator Victor. His creator spent so much time and energy to create the monsterShow MoreRelatedMary Shelleys Frankenstein: A Gothic Novel1595 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is one of the greatest Gothic novels to come out during the Romantic Period. Frankenstein is a prime example of what a Gothic novel should present to its reader through the genre’s twisted themes. Even though it was written in the Romantic period, Mary Shelley still wrote Frankenstein to be a Gothic work of literature. Many characteristics of Gothic novel can be seen within this novel. Mary Shelley’s outstanding novel Frankenstein i s a prime example of a Gothic novelRead MoreThe Guilt Of The Death Of Others By Mary Shelley1307 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters in her writings. Mary Shelley’s guilt is significant to the guilt of her characters because they are created by her. Through them she is able to express her own guilt for the death of others. The characters inside Mary Shelley s writings have losses and gains similar to her own. In her writings, Shelley would take a theme that was evident in her own life and apply them to her writings. â€Å"Mary Shelley, in her second novel [Valperga] as well as in her first [Frankenstein], is interested in takingRead MoreThe Volcanic Eruption Of Mount Tambora935 Words   |  4 Pagescredited for not only â€Å"paintings of fiery sunsets and tempestuous skies,† but also the birth of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein; or The Modern Prometheus. Furthermore, it is this very freakish event of nature that sets the tone for the theme of nature in Frankenstein. Natu re, as the setting to create, nature that soothes, and nature that destructs. In the Introduction of Frankenstein, Mary Shelley describes her holiday to Switzerland with Percey Bysshe Sheeley her husband where Lord Byron becomesRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1184 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Frankenstein, Mary Shelley uses a ‘framed narrative using three different characters who tell their story at different times of the novel. In the beginning of the story, the audience receives Captain Walton s point of view, who primarily writes letters to his sister Margaret Saville, in England. Secondly, the audience comes hand in hand with Victor Frankenstein s point of view and within his narrative, they receive the indomitable Creature s point of view. The major theme portrayedRead MoreMary Shelley and Flannery OConnor: Gothic Isolationists1724 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped into a 19th century phenomenon. The success of this dominant genre in England is frequently attributed to Mary Shelley. Despite its success during this time period, gothic fiction ceased to be a dominant genre by the Victorian Era. However, in many ways it had now begun to enter into its most ingenious phase. This paper will analyze the influence of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein on Flannery O’Connor’s work, specifically her novel Wise Blood. Flannery O’Connor emerged as a crucial and contemporaryRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Feminism1429 Words   |  6 Pages1012 10/19/18 Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Feminism before it was mainstream? Writing a paper on the topic of Frankenstein days before Halloween might give you the wrong idea- lets clear something up straight away Frankenstein is the doctor not the monster and the monster doesn’t have a name (which we later learn is mildly important to the story). You see, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is arguably a story of creation, murder, love, and learning amongst many other sad and depressing themes that perhapsRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1117 Words   |  5 Pages Intro One rainy night in Austria the idea of the to be famous novel, Frankenstein came to Mary shelly in a dream. The idea to write a ghost story was not her own but Lord Byrons , a friend who was also summer sojourning with Mary and her husband Percy Shelley. Mary Shelley was 16 at the time and The story of Frankenstein was then published two years later in 1818. The tale takes place somewhere in the 18th century a time rich with romantic movement ideas, french revolution aftermath, gothicRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Mary Shelley’s book, Frankenstein, illness represents an essential theme. Shelley predominately uses illness to portray the desperate attempts of the main character, Victor Frankenstein, to withdraw from the brutality of reality. During the novel the frequent appearance of illness insinuates an ambiguous implication. However, the role infirmity plays and the reasoning for Frankenstein s recurring illness remain open t o the interpretation of the reader. Overall, the continual use of illnessRead MoreHow The Romantic Period Was Characterised By Political And Social Upheavals1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romantic period was characterised by political and social upheaval. The era marked England s shift from a largely agricultural society to a modern industrial nation. Moreover, the aristocracy s influence diminished, industry-owning middle classes grew. The Romantic epoch also witnesses revolution and war. First the American Civil War, followed by the French Revolution later. They brought concepts of popular freedom, and of the power of the proletariat. In England, these ideas were well receivedRead MoreFrankenstein: Allusions1112 Words   |  5 PagesGuffey English 100 13 November 2012 Frankenstein: Into the Depths of Allusions An allusion is a figure of speech that is a reference to a well-known person, place, event, or literary work. These allusions are typically used by an author who intends to make a powerful point without the need to explain it. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein provides many examples of allusion s. She connects the story of â€Å"Prometheus†, Coleridge s Rime of the Ancient Mariner, and Milton s Paradise Lost to her own novel to

Principles And Practices Of Incident Management And...

CHAPTER TWO PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF INCIDENT MANAGEMENT AND INCIDENT RESPONSE STRENGTHS The information security incident management policy of Blyth’s Books was created in 2010 and has been reviewed four times in five years. Those covered by its scope are clearly stated. It stresses the importance of incident management to the organisation and has the support of upper level management. This policy complies with the Computer Misuse Act (1990) which was an act made to secure computer systems and networks from unapproved access. By complying with legal obligation, Blyth’s Books can pursue legal or disciplinary action against anyone (employee or otherwise) guilty of breaching their systems. WEAKNESSES The Data Protection Act (1998)†¦show more content†¦Although some of the recommendations of the ISO/IEC 27035 have been implemented, a large part of the recommendations by the standard are yet to be applied. INCIDENT HANDLING AND MANAGEMENT STRENGTHS Detection and Reporting The security incident management policy of Blyth’s Books is quite comprehensive in the aspect of the detection and reporting of information security events. Detection and reporting of a security incident is vital for an organisation’s survival. If an organisation’s stakeholders and employees cannot detect when an incident has occurred or have detected one but cannot report owing to the fact that how and whom to report to is unknown, the remainder of the incident management procedure which is aimed at getting the organisation back on its feet information security wise cannot be put into process. No one can handle or respond to an incident they have no knowledge of. The security incident management policy of Blyth’s Books was pretty comprehensive in outlining what security incidents are and how they could be identified by those covered in the scope of the policy. A review of Norwegian organisations and institutions performed in 2005 where strategies for data security incidents were analysed demonstrated that statistics

Use of Language in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë Essay

Use of Language in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà « Look closely at the passage in volume 1, chapter 7, where Mr Brocklehurst visits Lowood, from ‘One afternoon (I had been three weeks at Lowood)†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ to ‘†¦ the inside was further beyond his interference than he imagined.’ Write an essay examining how language is used in this passage to convey and contrast the attitudes of Brocklehurst, Miss Temple, Jane and the other girls, and briefly relating this scene to the novel as a whole. This essay will examine the differences in language used by the first person narrator, Jane, Brocklehurst and Miss Temple in the aforementioned extract. How this extract relates to the rest of the novel and the themes introduced in this extract will also be†¦show more content†¦In this extract Brocklehurst gives a long evangelical sermon explaining the reasons why the girls should learn to accept hardship for their own benefit. The syntax and language used are quite complex. The sentences are rather long and there are many references to the Bible such as ‘man shall not live by bread alone’ (Matthew 4:1-11). He is preaching and gets quite carried away. Mr Brocklehurst’s initial address to Miss Temple lacks any form of greeting. He immediately talks business and gives orders. He addresses Miss Temple politely at first as ‘Ma’am’ but when he has reason to reprimand her actions in some way he addresses her as ‘Madam’. At the sight of Helen Burns, Brocklehurst exclaims ‘What is that girl†¦?’ He does not see Helen as a human being just as an object that he wishes to control. The narrator also refers to Helen as ‘the awful object’, using a phrase which Brocklehurst would most likely have used. Brocklehurst does not actually address any of the girls directly in this extract. He gives his orders via Miss Temple: ‘Tell all the first form to rise up†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. By the end of Brocklehurst’s evangelical speech Miss Temple is gazing straight ahead of her, almost as though she has stopped listening to him. She does not respond either vocally or visibly; as though she does not feel his preaching deserves any kind of reply. The importance of integrity is demonstrated in this extract by Miss TempleShow MoreRelatedHow Charlotte Bronte Uses Language Detail and Setting In The First Two Chapters Of Jane Eyre1556 Words   |  7 PagesHow Charlotte Bronte Uses Language Detail and Setting In The First Two Chapters Of Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is a novel written by Charlotte BrontÃÆ' « in the 19th century. Throughout the novel BrontÃÆ' « incorporates elements of her own personal life. A prime example of this is the inequalities between men and women. When she wrote this novel she had to use a male nom de plume so she could sell the book it was only after the novel was well known that she revealed that she wrote itRead MoreHow Charlotte Bronte Creates Sympathy for Jane in the First Two Chapters of the Novel1423 Words   |  6 PagesHow Charlotte Bronte Creates Sympathy for Jane in the First Two Chapters of the Novel Charlotte Brontes novel Jane Eyre (1848) is a story is about a ten year old orphan girl called Jane Eyre. Her circumstances are as follows; when both of her parents died within a year of her birth, leaving her into the care of her Aunt, Mrs Reed. Mrs Reed is a widow of Janes uncle, who broke her promise to late husband by mistreating Jane cruelly. Then Jane is also bullied by here threeRead MoreEssay on Criticisms of Jane Eyre1615 Words   |  7 PagesCriticisms of Jane Eyre The major criticisms of the novel in question to be the melodrama used by the author and the wickedness of character shown in Jane and Mr. Rochester. While most critics admired the style of writing and truth of character portrayal, they did not admire the improbability of circumstances or the characters portrayed. Elizabeth Rigby (later Lady Eastlake) was probably the harshest critic, calling Jane Eyre â€Å"the personification of an unregenerate and undisciplinedRead MoreCHARLOTTE BRONTE AS A HIDDEN WRITER INTRODUCTION Charlotte bronte was an English novelist and poet800 Words   |  4 PagesCHARLOTTE BRONTE AS A HIDDEN WRITER INTRODUCTION Charlotte bronte was an English novelist and poet and the eldest of the three bronte sisters.even after a strenuous childhood she managed to write and publish her works and gain fame. Being a Victorian writer, obviously it was a difficult task for her to take her own stand in a male dominated era. After many rejections and disparages she decided to change her pen name from charlotte bronte to Currer Bell. The main reason behind writing as a male wasRead MoreSimilarities Between Charlotte Bronte’s Life and Jane Eyre’s Life7010 Words   |  29 PagesABSTRACT This study mainly concerns with the similarities between Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte’s life. The aim is to find out how Charlotte Bronte’s life and experiences affect Jane Eyre. The most frequently and the most effective similarities from the earlier parts of their lives to the end of their lives are given in this study. It is also aimed to determine the frequency of similarities and effectiveness of these similarities by analyzing their lives. After analyzing the collectedRead MoreSimilarities Between Charlotte Brontes Life and Jane Eyres Life6996 Words   |  28 PagesABSTRACT This study mainly concerns with the similarities between Jane Eyre and Charlotte Bronte’s life. The aim is to find out how Charlotte Bronte’s life and experiences affect Jane Eyre. The most frequently and the most effective similarities from the earlier parts of their lives to the end of their lives are given in this study. It is also aimed to determine the frequency of similarities and effectiveness of these similarities by analyzing their lives. After analyzing the collectedRead MoreJane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1374 Words   |  6 PagesJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Within the specter of the Gothic fictions arises the atmosphere of gloom, terror, and mystery with some elements of uncanny challenging reality. One major characteristic function of the Gothic fictions is to open the fiction to the realm of the irrational and perverse narratives, obsessions, and nightmarish terrors that hide beneath the literally civilized mindset in order to demonstrate the presence of the uncanny existing in the world known rationally through experienceRead MorePoint of View and Narration in the Color Purple and Jane Eyre985 Words   |  4 PagesFinding a Voice: Point of View and Narration in The Color Purple and Jane Eyre Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambitioned inspired, and success achieved. Notable words expressed by Helen Keller. She mentions the character of a person must suffer through hardships in order for the soul to build up, like a muscle, and thus achieve a goal through inspiration. Whether it comes from within, or from someoneRead MoreJane Eyre by Charlotte BrontÃÆ' «1068 Words   |  5 PagesJane Eyre, one of the Victorian Era’s most popular novels, has continued to engage readers since its 1847 publication. It has spawned an incredible amount of adaptations, such as multiple motion pictures, a couple of musicals, a play, sequels, prequels, a web-series, and a ballet. However, it is truly the novel’s amazing success that makes the titular character, Jane Eyre, an instantly recognizable figure. Charlotte Brontà « originally published Jane Eyre: An Autobiography. The manuscript claimedRead MoreJane Eyre, By Charlotte Bronte929 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Brontà « explores how Jane wants to find love--not just romantic love but to value and sense of belonging. The book challenges how the language of middle-class love affects the way a character’s self-identity can alter the action, how Jane sees herself later when she found love and sense of belonging as independent women. When Jane was a child she struggles to find her own identity Jane begins to change through her journey once she realizes her own identity and this helps

South By Southwest Essay Example For Students

South By Southwest Essay The setting of this story covers an immense number of years of conquering andcolonization in the Southwest areas we now know as California, Arizona, NewMexico, Texas, and Mexico. It begins in the early 15 and 1600s, in a timewhen many important Spaniards, such as Juan Bautista de Anza (in 1775 he led thelongest overland migration of a colony in North American history before Oregon),were moving into the Southwest in search of gold, silver, bread, and jobs. Italso talks about the Indians, who were already living in the area we now know asMexico, that did not get along real well with the Spaniards(Anglos) when theycame in to invade their land. The two main Indian tribes of that time were theMayas(a peaceful people who were interested in science, invented a calendar togrow maize, and were later believed to be wiped out by a great naturalcatastrophe), and the Aztecs(a powerful bloodthirsty tribe who feared no humanonly their gods). Next it went on to the 1800s and early 1900s, whenMexico decided to fight the Spaniards for their independence. Finally, the bookwent on into the mid to late 1900s, where Mexico began to modernize andbecome a good neighbor to the United States. 6. The major conflict was betweenthe Anglos and the Mexicans. It began with the Spaniards and the Indians(Aztecs)fighting over the Valley of Anahuac. The Spaniards(led by Cortez) ended upwinning the battle over the Aztecs(led by Moctezuma). Due to the cruel andruthless Spanish rule, a new social system was set up where the Spanish-bornwhites were the rulers, the Mexican-born whites were the aristocracy, and theIndians lived lives of poverty and slavery. Another class grew calledmestizos(Mexican-Indian), and out of all these were the forces that createdMexico. Next, Mexico(led first by Padre Miguel Hidalgo, then by Jose MariaMorelos, and finally by a traitor D. Augustin de Iturbide) fought the Spaniardsfor their independence. The first two lost and were killed, but they ignited aspark that later led to victory with the help of Iturbide and his army. For awhile Mexico was in chaos, but with the help of many leaders,(Benito Juarez,Porfirio Diaz, and Lazaro Cardenas to name a few) they were able to start makinglaws and bring Mexico to become a modern society, free from slavery anddictatorship. Now, like the rest of the world, Mexico is developing into anurban area with cities that are modern and spreading out in many directions. 7. I believe the theme of this story to be that although Mexico and the UnitedStates had very different histories, they have grown together. They share such along border that they need to maintain a peaceful border, otherwise manyproblems can occur. Mexico and U.S. rely on each other for many importantimports and exports. In many cases, other than a political one, the line thatruns between Brownsville, Texas and San Diego, California is considered aninvisible one. Many cross it often, as in some areas it is only a barbed wirefence or a river easily crossed. Also there is said to be about as manyMexican-Americans in the Southwest as there are in the Mexicanstates just south of the border, which makes it seem, in many ways, as if it isall one region. 8. The main characters were more groups than anything: theSpaniards, the Mexicans, the Indians, and the Anglos, however, there were someimportant ones within the groups to be mentioned. These are: Cortez(theleader of the Spaniards when fighting the Aztecs), Moctezuma(the leader of theAztecs), Padre Miguel Hidalgo, Jose Maria Morelos, and D. Augustin deIturbide(leaders of Mexico in their revolution against the Spaniards), andBenito Juarez, Porfirio Diaz, and Lazaro Cardenas(all leaders of Mexico helpingto organize and modernize Mexico). .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 , .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .postImageUrl , .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 , .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147:hover , .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147:visited , .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147:active { border:0!important; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147:active , .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147 .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u36f2d8c1f6155f7b081cd8989a773147:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: College and the Marines Essay 9. I would recommend this book to many of myfriends and relatives. I have many Mexican American relatives that are veryinterested in all I am learning in this class, and whenever I find a good book,they are all very eager to learn about it. This book was an excellent read. Itwas full of history that was not taught to me before, and I really enjoyedlearning about the history of the Mexican American.

Exploring Air Pollution Problems for a Focus - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theExploring Air Pollution Problems for a Focus on Brisbane. Answer: Introduction Air pollution is explicitly acknowledged to be a substantial public health issue, responsible for an increasing range of environmental and health consequences. The health effects of air pollution are becoming a burden to healthcare systems. Air pollution is the presence of harmful substances in the air at concentrations that present a health threat. Common air pollutants are CO, SO2, PAHs and particulate matter, which may originate from different sources such as vehicle emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and biomass burning. (3, 18, 19)The smoke produced in closed spaces from cooking may also cause air pollution. Rapid urbanisation further increases the risk of exposure to ambient air pollutants. The rationale of this paper is to investigate how air pollution affects public health. In this scholarly paper, a literature review was performed into the concept of air pollution, its causes, and impact on public health with a focus on Brisbane, Australia, which is the selected community. Recent peer-reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2017 were retrieved from MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus. The research questions are; what are the main air pollution problems in Brisbane, Australia? What are the key sources? Are they associated with other environmental issues? How does the air pollution affect public health? Search terms and criteria A literature search was conducted using CINAHL Plus and MEDLINE as the two primary academic databases to investigate current knowledge on air pollution and public health. The search terms were air, pollution, problems, sources, environmental, issues, Brisbane and Australia. Boolean operators that were used to facilitate the literature search were AND and OR. The search mode was find all my search while the expander was apply all related words. Year of publication was used as a limiter in the literature search. It was performed for the years between 2012 and 2017. Source type was all results, and the language was English. The search criteria yielded several meta-analyses and systemic reviews, and many recent studies on the association between air pollution and public health. For instance, the search air AND pollution AND Brisbane yielded 124 results in MEDLINE and 723 results in CINAHL Plus. 20 articles were found to be relevant and included in this study. Critical appraisal of the articles The primary themes that were discerned from the pertinent articles were categorised into three, major air pollution sources, environmental issues and public health problems. These themes were appraised using the apposite literature. Major air pollutants Alharbi et al. (1) conduct a study to determine the concentration of thoron and radon in workplaces in Brisbane. Several workplaces were selected randomly around Brisbane, and active method was used to measure the level of radon and thoron concentration. Closed areas were found to have the highest concentrations of radon, 86.6 6.0 Bq m3. On the other hand, maximal thoron concentration was discovered in stores, 78.1 14.0 Bq m3. The researchers found that the concentration of these gases was low during working hours and high after working hours due to the difference in ventilation. Besides, they unravelled that concrete flooring was a significant contributor of the radon and thoron in the environment. Thai et al. (2) conducted a study to evaluate the level of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Brisbane and Hanoi. During the study, urine samples were tested from 16 candidates for ten weeks. The findings indicate that residents of Hanoi had higher exposure to PAHS than residents of Brisbane. However, the researchers concluded that air pollution was a major concern in the two settings. In their study, Crilley et al. (3) aimed to identify the source of organic carbon (OC) as well as elemental carbon (EC) concentration in ambient PM 2.5 across urban learning institutions in Brisbane. Sampling was performed at 25 schools. The EC tracer method was applied to quantify the primary and secondary concentrations of OC. This study found that secondary organic aerosols (SOA), local weather conditions as well as vehicle emissions were the primary contributors of a carbonaceous component of PM 2.5 across urban learning institutions. Friend et al. (4) conducted a study to identify the significant sources of air pollution. They performed sampling in two different places in Brisbane. Ultrafine and fine particles were found in several locations, which are traffic sources and biomass burning. Their conclusion notes that traffic was the major source of air pollution. Public health problems Ezz et al. (5) did a study to determine the implications of both indoor and outdoor ultrafine particles on children health in Brisbane. Their main aim was to establish the link between respiratory diseases and ultrafine particles. 25 school campuses were randomly recruited to participate in this study. The respiratory health consequences were analysed through different tests such as spirometry, a fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FOT) and multiple breath nitrogen washout test (MBNW). The author concluded that ultrafine particles are a leading cause of respiratory illnesses. In his Meta-analysis study, Roberts (6) aimed to determine the mortality trends linked to air pollution (PM10) in Brisbane and Sydney, Australia. The author focused on the period between 1993 and 2007. In the findings, the author asserts that mortality has declined, PM10 is still a problem, and it is associated with cardiovascular deaths. Bowatte et al. (7) used a longitudinal study to investigate whether subjection to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is linked to asthma, allergies and impaired lung function. Regression models were used to quantify the level of exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The results insinuate that living close to major roads exposes individuals to TRAP, which increases the risk of current wheeze, atopy, asthma, allergic outcomes and other lung complications. Barnett et al. (8) performed a study using a Bayesian hierarchical model to establish the link between exposure to air pollutants and health outcomes in Brisbane, Australia. Subjection to air pollution was linked to negative health effects including hospitalisation and deaths. This finding indicates that people who are exposed to air pollutants to a certain level are likely to experience poor health outcomes. A similar study was done by Cohen et al. (9); however, their study focused on a global landscape. Their study was based on the foundation that subjection to ambient air pollution results in high morbidity and mortality. They discovered that exposure to ambient PM2-5 was a leading cause of deaths because it increased the risk of (COPD). Berends (10) study on the health impacts of air pollution also concluded that COPD is a serious problem. In a related study, Brauer et al. (11) used ground measurement, satellite-based estimate and chemical transport model simulation to evaluate t he extent to which ambient air pollution increases global disease burden. Over five years, they found that ambient air pollution increases the global disease burden. Narasimhan et al. (12) evaluated the available literature to determine the risk factors for tuberculosis. The analysis revealed that there are numerous risk factors for tuberculosis. Among the most important risk factors was indoor air pollution. Another primary study was designed to analyse the impact of temperature and air pollution on the prevalence of pediatric influenza. In this study, four Poisson log-linear regression model and the number of influenza cases were applied to investigate the impact of PM10, N02 and O3 as well as temperature on pediatric influenza. The study found that high levels of 03, NO2 and PM10 resulted in high prevalence of pediatric influenza in Brisbane. (13) The authors conclude that air pollution is a key predictor of pediatric influenza. Wang et al. (14) did a study to appraise the relationship between air pollution, temperature and mortality in Brisbane. Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer was utilised to measure particle size while the other data on air pollution was obtained from government agencies. They unravelled that the air temperature tends to increase mortality for those with respiratory infections. Their findings insinuate that air temperature enhances the negative impacts of air pollut ion. Straney et al. (15) did a study to explore the link between air pollution and the prevalence of Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In their research, the authors used St Johns Ambulance data. They focused on these air pollutants O3, NO2, SO2 and CO. The relationship between the pollutants and OHCA was determined based on the number of reported cases. They found that carbon monoxide and PM2.5 were linked to the high prevalence of OHCA. Evidence suggests that the ambient air pollution is major disease burden. Nevertheless, one longitudinal study on female health found that ambient air pollution was not related to self-reported disease in Australia. 26,991 females were recruited in this study. The researchers recorded the self-reported cases of cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes and respiratory illnesses. (16) Kelly et al. (17) analysed available literature to establish the link between air pollution and health. They discovered that most people mainly in urban centres breathe air that does not meet World Health Organisation (WHO) standards, which is a threat to public health. Environmental issues In a second study Crilley et al. (18) implanted Aerodyne compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (TOF-AMS) to measure the level of organic aerosol (OA), specifically vehicle emissions and human activity in 5 urban schools across Brisbane. They found a varying concentration of OA in the selected schools. The sources of OA were mainly vehicle emissions, gardening equipment and biomass burning. In conclusion, the authors noted that children are exposed to more OA during drop-off and pick-up times. Johnston et al. (19) investigated the impact of combustion emission on human health over time. Their study focuses on environmental issues such as fossil fuel combustion, domestic fires and landscape fires. Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data was used to facilitate the study. The findings show that air pollution associated with human actions has a fundamental effect on health. One recent study assessed the impact of reducing air pollution associated with biomass smoke on mortality. Th e study included about 215,000 Australians. The randomised controlled trial offered education on the reduction of ambient pollution. Outcomes were measured as changes in cause of respiratory and cardiovascular mortality for 6.5 years. (20) There was a decline in the number of deaths linked to ambient air pollution, which indicates that environmental issues are important in predicting the relationship between air pollution and public health. Critical analysis to answer the questions Primary air pollution problems in Brisbane Air pollution is a significant problem in Brisbane, Australia. The primary issues of air pollution in this community can be classified into health effects, learning effects and urban living effects. Evidently, air pollution affects the health the people in this community adversely since they are at the risk of developing chronic and non-chronic diseases such as respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Empirical evidence suggests that residents who are located in proximity to roads in Brisbane are exposed to ambient air pollution (16), and organic aerosol (OA). (18) These people are likely to be exposed to harmful gasses such as NO2 and CO, which further affects their health. In construction works, workers may be exposed to radon and thoron. (1) It has been found that living about 200 metres from major roads is linked to current wheeze. (7) Air pollution further causes a problem in learning. At school, children are exposed to ultrafine particles (5), organic carbon (OC), and elemental ca rbon (EC) (3), which tend to affect learning activities. This evidence insinuates that air pollution is a serious ongoing issue in Brisbane. Major sources of pollution Various sources of air pollution have been characterised in the selected community. Most of the studies in this field tend to agree that human actions are the major causes of air pollution in Brisbane, Australia. The main air pollutants in Brisbane are O3, CO, NO2, SO2, and particulate matter (PM). Vehicle emission is the most important source of air pollution.(18) Other studies use the term traffic to refer to vehicle emissions. (10) School going children and adults are exposed to vehicle emissions, which makes it a significant source of air pollution. Biomass burning is also a major contributor of air pollutants in Brisbane. A vast literature exists on the contribution of biomass burning to air pollution. (20) Gardening activities are also key sources of air pollution, especially when farm machinery is used. This aspect points to the use of fossil fuels for enabling the economies. Some of these sources tend to have a marginal contribution to the gross pollution in the air. However, the aggregate consequence of different sources is disastrous. Whether they are related to other environmental issues As evident in the literature review, air pollution in Brisbane is related to other environmental issues. The ambient air pollutants figure into several other environmental issues. It is notable that fossil fuel combustion generates ambient air pollutants as well as greenhouse gases. (19) Greenhouse gases including CO2 and CH4 contribute to global warming. In fact, researchers tend to study the effect of both temperature and air pollution on the environment. Particulate matter concentration has been found to have profound effects on temperature. (14) Some air pollutants tend to co-occur, and this aspect buttresses the relationship. Impacts of air pollution on public health The ultimate effect of air pollution on public health is to causes diseases and mortality. There is strong evidence that air pollution is a leading cause of diseases as well as mortality in Brisbane. Air pollution is linked to several harmful cardiovascular as well as respiratory effects. Airborne particulates are responsible for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. (10) Ultrafine particles cause health effects because they can penetrate into the lungs and result in damages. (5) Air pollution further presents the risks of atopy, asthma, allergic outcomes and atopic asthma. (7) Research has also found that air pollution leads to heart diseases, cerebrovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (9) O3 impacts the lungs by leading to the inflammation of the airways as well as reducing lung function. Additionally, breathing O3 can cause different health problems such as congestion, throat irritation and chest pain. Although some of these illnesses are primar ily caused by air pollution, others are secondary illnesses. The health conditions caused or exacerbated by air pollution might also be caused by other risk factors. As such, some health conditions prompted by air pollution may not be discerned directly as having been caused by air pollution. Mortality is another public health problem that is linked to air pollution. Most deaths are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. (20) Morbidity is a public health issue linked to air pollution. Conclusion This study made it possible to deduce denouements from independent outcomes of each study appraised, establishing coherent data that can be utilized for designing public guidelines. In addition, the findings of this study can be used to inform policies on air pollution control in urban schools. The paper showed that air pollution presents a significant problem to the public health in Brisbane, Australia. Air pollutants across this community tend to occur in levels that result in harm to the residents. In this case, harm refers to morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular and respiratory are the most common illnesses related to air pollution, and they are the leading causes of deaths. Conclusively, a holistic approach is required to address the problems of air pollution in Brisbane, Australia. Statements of competing interests The author certifies that they have NO affiliation with any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the topic explored in this manuscript. References List Alharbi S, Akber R. Radon and thoron concentrations in public workplaces in Brisbane, Australia. Journal of environmental radioactivity. 2015; 144: p. 69-76.Thai P, Li Z, Sjdin A, Fox A, Diep N, Binh T, et al. 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